3. LIVESTOCK NUTRITION

3.1. Nutrient Requirements for Different Species

Livestock species differ in their nutrient needs based on their digestive systems, production purposes, and physiology.

1. Cattle

Nutrient Requirement Notes
Energy High, especially for lactating or growing animals From carbohydrates and fats
Protein Moderate to high (10-20%) Important for growth, milk production
Fiber High (minimum 18% in diet) Essential for rumen function
Minerals & Vitamins Balanced calcium, phosphorus, magnesium Vital for bone development and metabolism
Water 30-50 liters/day Depends on climate, feed, production level

2. Sheep

Nutrient Requirement Notes
Energy Moderate Depends on growth, pregnancy, lactation
Protein 8-16% Higher during pregnancy and lactation
Fiber High Essential for rumen health
Minerals & Vitamins Adequate calcium, phosphorus Important for wool production and reproduction
Water 4-10 liters/day Essential for digestion and metabolism

3. Goats

Nutrient Requirement Notes
Energy Moderate to high For milk production and growth
Protein 10-18% Important for reproduction and growth
Fiber High Needed for rumen fermentation
Minerals & Vitamins Balanced mineral intake Essential for bone and horn growth
Water 5-15 liters/day Varies with production and environment

4. Pigs

Nutrient Requirement Notes
Energy High (mainly carbohydrates) Supports fast growth and reproduction
Protein 15-22% Critical for muscle development
Fiber Low Limited fiber tolerated
Minerals & Vitamins Balanced calcium, phosphorus, salt Important for bone and overall health
Water 4-10 liters/day Depends on age and environment

5. Poultry

Nutrient Requirement Notes
Energy High (mainly carbohydrates and fats) Supports rapid growth and egg production
Protein 16-22% Critical for feather and muscle development
Fiber Very low High fiber reduces digestibility
Minerals & Vitamins Calcium (high for layers), phosphorus Essential for eggshell formation and growth
Water 0.5-1 liter/day per bird Critical for metabolism and egg production

Summary

Species Energy Protein Fiber Minerals & Vitamins Water
Cattle High Moderate-High High Balanced High
Sheep Moderate Moderate High Adequate Moderate
Goats Moderate-High Moderate-High High Balanced Moderate
Pigs High High Low Balanced Moderate
Poultry High High Very Low Balanced (Ca high for layers) Moderate